1
Summary
Social Justice Class 03

TRANSGENDER (05:07 PM)

  • A transgender person is someone whose gender identity differs from that typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth.
  • Crossdressers (Kapil Sharma show characters) are not transgender in our context.
  • NALSA JUDGEMENT
  • SC observed transgender should be recognised as a third gender, should be given OBC reservation and should have a commission to protect the rights of the transgenders.
  • LIVING AS A GHOST CITIZEN
  • Census 2011: 4.8 lakh transgenders are there in India, But this data is not complete as reporting transgender sex is a stigma.
  • Only 30000 registered with the election commission.
  • 99% have suffered social rejection.
  • 89% are denied the job despite the required qualifications.
  • 62% are verbally abused in schools.
  • only 2% live with their parents and 53% live under the Guru-Chela system.
  • PROVISION TO PROTECT 
  • Garima greh to provide shelter and food.
  • Hudol initiative of Manipur-1st football team.
  • kerala first state to make policy.
  • CHALLENGES.
  • Health: HIV is high in the general population.
  • Livelihood: Because of the rejection they are the victim of social ostracization as a result indulges in the profession of sex work etc.
  • No representation in the legislature.
  • Limited access to education and skill development.
  • They are subjected to different forms of abuse- mental, emotional and sexual.
  • Legal hurdles in getting documents.
  • Lack of inheritance right in their favour.
  • Administrative apathy towards the community.
  • Lack of gender-neutral ICT provisions.
  • WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE.
  • Introduction of scholarship to encourage them to pursue their dreams.
  • Gender-neutral laws.
  • Dedicated anti-discrimination bill.
  • Sensitisation of all the stakeholders.
  • Psychological counselling
  • Efforts to make social welfare schemes accessible to the community.
  • Give effect to the SC judgement.
  • TRANSGENDER ACT
  • Right to self-identification by obtaining a certificate from the District Magistrate.
  • National Council for Transgender-Statutory Body is not constitutional.
  • Provide Health care facilities -HIV surveillance centre, Sex reassignment surgery.
  • Welfare by the government, rehabilitation, and Implementation of policies.
  • TRANSGENDER PERSON (Protection of rights rules) 2000
  • DM will certify the gender of a person based on the affidavit without physical examination.

PERSON WITH DISABILITY (05:36 PM)

  • Disability is defined as a lack of ability to perform an activity which is otherwise considered normal. It is a negatively connoted term and hence differently abled should be used.
  • Often the differently abled person is reduced to being disabled due to public perception of disability where they are often pitied ridiculed or considered as a retribution of the past karma for which there is no respite.
  • STATISTICS
  • 56% men and 46% women among PWD.
  • 69% are in rural areas.
  • CHALLENGES
  • Ambiguity concerning definition.
  • Lack of credible data due to the mental stigma associated.
  • Stereotypes as many consider disability as retribution of the old karma.
  • Poverty and unemployment.
  • Lack of infrastructure for health, infrastructure etc.
  • WAY FORWARD
  • Strict implementation of the policies and acts like a person with disability act.
  • Please refer to the handout for the act.

POVERTY (06:13 PM)

  • Poverty refers to the deprivation of basic capabilities of life rather than merely lowness of Income- Amartya Sen 
  •  Poverty is a multidimensional concept.
  • You are well placed but not able to preserve culture this is also a poverty.
  • Poverty is a violation of human rights only when it is the action or inaction of the government.
  • Government developmental policy and displacement of tribals then is the violation of the human rights of the tribals.
  • GOVERNMENT EFFORTS
  • National Social Assistance Programme.
  • MGNREGA
  • Ujjwala Yojana
  • Standup India
  • Doubling farmer income
  • PMKSY
  • ACHIEVEMENTS (06:28 PM)
  • Concerning achievement, India's multidimensional poverty has reduced to 11.28% in 2022-23, this means according to NITI Aayog 24.82 cr people have moved out of multidimensional poverty.
  • Among the states, Bihar, UP and MP saw the largest decline in the number of poor.
  • In terms of percentage of their population, Bihar pulled out 7% of its population from multidimensional poverty.
  • CAUSES OF POVERTY (06:35 PM)
  • Economic
  • Agriculture is in distress
  • Immobility of labour
  • Lack of investment in Human capital
  • Lack of equal pay for equal work
  • Jobless growth
  • Inflation as it affects the purchasing capacity.
  • Mechanisation along with AI-Displacement of labour
  • Land alienation
  • Demography
  • The number of dependent populations is increasing
  • The health profile of individuals also defines and determines poverty.
  • Socio-cultural Cause
  • Caste system
  • Patriarchy
  • Political and Administration
  • Corruption
  • Climate change
  • Conflict and COVID
  • Exclusion error.
  • GOVERNMENT EFFORTS
  • Please refer to the Handouts.
  • APPROACHES TO TACKLE POVERTY
  • The capability approach by Amartya Sen Entitlements is significant in reducing poverty. Example Kerala model.
  • Jadish Bhagwati economic growth model: Growth in the economy will trickle down. Example: Gujarat Model of Development.

HUNGER (07:00 PM)

  • Hunger is defined as a condition of distress associated with a lack of food
  • CAUSES
  • Lack of food, The reason of which can be diverse:
  • Social pathologies
  • Wastage of food
  • Lack of storage and warehousing facility.
  • Cereal-specific green revolution because of which there is a lack of diversified diet.
  • Macdonaldisation of food habits.
  • Adulteration of food.
  • Increased prices.
  • IMPLICATIONS (07:20 PM)
  • Limited ability to skill
  • Increased chances of poverty
  • Lack of absorption of nutrition by the body.
  • CHALLENGES
  • Social structure
  • Weak implementation of schemes as it is top-down and not convergent
  • Lack of qualified human resources.
  • The fragility of the globalised food system.
  • Shift in diet and lifestyle.
  • Macdonaldisation of food habits.
  • WAY FORWARD
  • Create awareness.
  • Strictly monitor the adulteration.
  • Mitigate climate change-Build green infra.
  • Collect good-quality data.
  • Fortification and biofortification.
  • Women as an agency of change.

The topic for the next class is health.